Heat Map

An XY heat map uses a grid of colored cells to represent values at the intersection of two categorical axes. Color intensity encodes magnitude, making it easy to spot patterns, peaks, and gaps in matrix-style data.

Best for

  • Revealing patterns in two-dimensional categorical data
  • Showing activity or intensity over a grid (e.g., day vs hour)
  • Identifying hotspots and cold spots in large matrices

Avoid when

  • You need to read exact values — color perception is imprecise
  • One axis is continuous — use a line or area chart
  • The matrix is very large — consider aggregation or sampling
Alternatives: Choropleth Map